对前资本主义生产方式的解释——“贡赋制”与“集权官僚制”

The Explanation for the Former Capitalist Mode of Production

理论界通常认为,资本主义生产方式以前是封建领主制生产方式。新马克思主义经济学家萨米尔·阿明和刘永佶教授均对此解释提出了质疑。阿明认为,前资本主义社会形态的中心,并非欧洲中心论者们坚持的封建领主制,而是贡赋制(或纳贡制);但他又认为,"封建制"是"贡赋制"的萌芽形态,"贡赋制"是"封建制"的成熟形态,这是一种尚不准确的概念规定。刘永佶认为,马克思所论述的资本主义生产方式所否定掉的,是"以个人自己劳动为基础的私有制",而不是封建领主制;他认为在封建制和资本主义生产方式之间,存在的是"集权官僚制"。阿明的"贡赋制"与刘永佶的"集权官僚制"对前资本主义生产方式的解释不同但是还是比较接近的。

The theoretical cycle commonly believed that before capitalist mode of production was the feudal seigniorial production mode. New Marxist economists Sammir＇Amin and professor Liu yongji questioned the explanation. Amin thinks, before the center of the capitalist society, not the feudal seigniorial system insisted by European center theorists, but the geld system （or tribute system）; but he considers that ＂feudal system＂ is the embryonic form of ＂geld system＂, ＂geld＂ is the mature configuration of ＂feudal system＂, this is an inaccuracy concept. Liu yongji argues that the capitalist mode of production Marx discussed denied is the private ownership on the basis of individual labor, rather than the feudal seigniorial system. He believes between the feudal society and capitalist mode of production, there is the ＂centralized bureaucracy＂. The interpretations of ＂geld system＂ of Amin and ＂centralized bureaucracy＂ of Liu yongji on the capitalist mode of production are different but still close to each other.