从积极到无奈:梁思成“大屋顶”建筑理念的转变

From Energetic to Helpless:Shifts of Liang Sicheng's Architectural Concept on“Traditional Chinese Curved Roof”

建国初期,在设计建造民族形式建筑过程中,"大屋顶"成为各方关注的焦点。对于"大屋顶"问题,建筑学家梁思成一度表现出强烈的学术探索意识和政治参与热情,其学术观点亦发生显著转变,从严厉批评转为部分接纳,并从学术层面上积极寻找有效的实现路径。1955年,由于政治形势的变化和"大屋顶"自身的问题,梁遭到严厉批判,成为建筑学界"形式主义、复古主义错误"的代表。重压之下,梁对"大屋顶"的态度再次转变,在自我批判的同时亦明确否定了"大屋顶"建筑。

. In the early years of peopte s Republic of China, the ＂Traditional Chinese Curved Roof＂ became the focus of all sides in the process of designing and constructing buildings with national characteristics. As for this issue, Liang Sicheng the famous Chinese architect once showed great con sciousness of academic exploration and keen enthusiasm of political involvement, and accordingly, with his academic viewpoint having shifted remarkably from sharp criticism to partial acceptance, he had been actively seeking effective realizing ways in an academic level. In 1955, due to changes of po litical circumstance and problems of the ＂Traditional Chinese Curved Roof＂ itself, Liang received severe criticism and was regarded as a representative of formalism and revivalism in the architectural circle. Under huge pressure, as his attitude toward ＂Traditional Chinese Curved Roof＂ shifted again, Liang criticized him self and at the same time decidedly disapproved buildings with traditional Chinese curved roof.