苦瓜叶提取物对亚洲玉米螟的生物活性及对斜纹夜蛾卵巢细胞的毒力

Bioactivity of extracts of Momordica charantia leaves against Ostrinina furnacalis and their cytotoxicity to Spodoptera litura ovary cells

【目的】为研究苦瓜（MomordicacharantiaL．）叶正丁醇萃取物对亚洲玉米螟Ostrininafurnacalis（Giien6e）生长发育及生殖力的影响，并探讨其作用机理。【方法】采用饲料混药法测定了苦瓜叶正丁醇萃取物对亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活率、发育历期和雌成虫产卵量的影响。【结果】用0．025％、0．1％和0．2％浓度的苦瓜叶正丁醇萃取物混合饲料饲喂亚洲玉米螟2龄幼虫3d后，幼虫存活率明显降低，校正死亡率分别为27．43％、39．23％和54．93％，且发育历期明显延长，雌成虫产卵量与对照相比分别下降了12．63％、22．74％和37．27％。进一步的研究结果表明，苦瓜叶正丁醇萃取物对斜纹夜蛾卵巢细胞（SL）的形态、增殖和生长密度有明显的抑制作用。处理后的SL细胞皱缩变圆，细胞核偏移甚至消失，胞质外泄。处理24、48和72h后，对SL细胞增殖的IC50值分别为180．96、158．54和122．87μg／mL；处理6-72h后，SL细胞相对生长密度随药剂浓度和处理时间的增加而明显下降；用125μg／mL浓度处理SL细胞2、3、4和5d后，SL细胞对葡萄糖吸收的抑制率分别为7．66％、13．97％、19．45％和27．30％。【结论】苦瓜叶正丁醇萃取物对SL细胞表现出的较强毒杀作用可能是其导致亚洲玉米螟生殖能力降低的主要作用机制之一。

[Objectives] To ascertain the effect of n-butyl alcohol extracts of Momordica charantia leaves on the growing, development and fecundity of Ostrinina furnacalis （Guenee）. [Methodsi The effects of n-butyl alcohol extracts of M. charantia leaves on the survival rate and the developmental duration of O. furnacalis larvae and the fecundity of O. furnacalis adult females were investigated by adding these extracts to the food provided to O. furnacalis larvae and adult females under laboratory conditions. [Results] The results demonstrated that after treating the survival rate of second instar respectively. In addition, developmental duration of treated larvae was significantly longer than that of the control group, and the rates of fecundity inhibition were 12.63%, 22.74% and 37.27%, respectively. Extracts of M. charantia leaves had an apparent inhibitory effect on Spodoptera litura cell proliferation, cellular morphology and growth density; cells shrunk, cellular nuclei migrated and even disappeared and cytoplasm leaked out after treatment. The IC50 values were 180.96, 158.54 and 122.87 μg/mL at 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment, respectively. The growth density of cells decreased significantly compared with control cells, after 6-72 h of exposure with increasing concentration and the treatment time. Treating cells with 125 μg/mL n-butyl alcohol extracts of M. charantia leaves for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days inhibited glucose absorption by 7.66, 13.97, 19.45 and 27.30%, respectively. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the n-butyl alcohol extracts of M. charantia leaves are strongly cytotoxic to Spodoptera litura cells, which may account for the observed decline in female fecundity of O. furnacalis.