宁夏银北盐碱地油葵田土壤动物多样性及群落结构

Soil animal diversity and community structure of saline-alkali soil in sunflower fields in northern Ningxia

【目的】调查宁夏银北盐碱地油葵田的土壤动物多样性及群落结构,探讨不同改良时间盐碱地土壤动物多样性及群落结构与环境因子之间的相关性。【方法】生物与环境因子之间的关系研究一直是生态学研究的热点,尤其是恢复生态学中如何设计环境因子来恢复生物群落的结构和功能最近引起了国内外学者的关注。以宁夏银北盐碱地油葵田为对象,研究了不同改良时间盐碱地中油葵田土壤动物与环境因子的相互关系,采用野外调查和室内试验相结合。【结果】共采集12个土壤动物类群,优势类群为弹尾目(60.67%)、蜱螨亚纲(23.24%)和鞘翅目(6.45%);土壤动物物种多样性、丰富度指数和均匀度在未改良盐碱地中较高。【结论】土壤pH值、碱化度和全盐质量分数是土壤动物分布的限制因素,土壤动物的数量随土壤pH值、碱化度和全盐质量分数的降低而增加。这些结果为盐碱地改良的恢复与评价提供了重要的数据支持和基础资料。

[Objectives] To investigate the soil animal diversity and community structure of saline-alkali soil in sunflower fields in Northern of Ningxia, and to reveal the relationship between soil animal diversity, community structure and soil factors over time in improved saline land. [Methods] The relationship between biotic factors and abiotic factors has been an important issue in ecology, especially in restoration ecology. In order to reveal the mutual relationships between soil animals and soil environmental factors we conducted a field investigation to collect biotic data in saline-alkali sunflower fields. [Results] Results showed that a total of 12 types of soil fauna, dominated by Collembola （60.67%） and Acarina （23.24%）, were not significantly changed by the improvement of saline land. Diversity, Margalef richness, and uniformity also remained unchanged by the improvement of saline-alkali soil. [Conclusion] Soil pH, basicity and salt were the limiting factors of soil fauna distribution. The number of soil animals was higher in lower salt environment. The presence of Collembola, soil pH, and total salt content were negatively correlated with soil moisture. The Acarina distribution was affected by these factors, but not significantly so. These results provide important information for the improvement of saline land.