柳毒蛾繁殖生物学的初步观察

Preliminary study of the reproductive biology of the gypsy moth Leucoma salicis(Linnaeus)

【目的】为了明确柳毒蛾Leucomasalicis（Linnaeus）交配的日节律高峰，温度和不同交配持续时间处理对成虫寿命、产卵量和孵化率等繁殖生物学的影响。【方法】将新羽化的柳毒蛾成虫置于养虫笼中，观察交配的日节律高峰，并统计不同温度和不同交配持续时间处理下的成虫寿命、产卵量和孵化率。【结果】成虫在羽化当晚的后半夜凌晨开始交尾，次日晚上开始产卵。成虫交配集中在羽化翌日凌晨3：00—5：00之间，高峰为4：00。产卵高峰都出现在2日龄成虫，但是，25℃下成虫交配持续时间（9．2h）显著短于28℃（11．8h）。交配持续时间为30、60和300min的处理，雌成虫平均寿命显著长于对照（对照9．2h），雄虫仅60min的处理显著长于对照。同时，极短的交配持续时间（30min）显著降低雌虫的产卵量和孵化率。【结论】试验明确了成虫交配的日节律高峰，在适宜的温度范围内（25～28℃），雌雄成虫的寿命、单雌总产卵量无显著差异，交配持续时间明显影响成虫寿命、产卵量和卵孵化率。

[Objectives] To determine the circadian rhythm of mating, the effect of temperature and duration of mating on aspects of the reproductive biology of the gypsy moth Leucoma salicis （Linnaeus）, such as adult longevity, oviposition and hatching. [Methods] Newly emerged adults were collected, meanwhile the circadian rhythm, and the effect of temperature on mating, oviposition, and hatching were observed. [Results] The results show that mating started between 03：00 and 05：00 and that the mating peak period was at 04：00. The peak day for female oviposition was the 2^nd day after emergence. However, the duration of mating at 25 ℃ （9.2 h） was significant shorter than that at 28℃ （11.8 h）. The duration of mating affected the longevity of both male and females, the longevity of female adults significantly increased compared to the control （9.2 h） when mating was interrupted after periods of 30, 60 or 300 min, respectively. The longevity of male adults was significant longer than the control after only 60 min mating. The shortest mating time of 30 min had the lowest oviposition and egg hatching rates. [Conclusion] There was no difference in the fecundity or longevity of adult males or females at relatively favorable temperatures from 25 to 28℃. However, adult longevity oviposition and hatching rates were significantly affected by the duration of mating.