聚腺苷酸特异性核糖核酸酶(PARN)的功能多样性

Multi-functional Ribonuclease:Poly(A)-specific Ribonuclease

聚腺苷酸尾的降解对于mRNA的质量控制和转录后基因调控十分重要.在真核生物中,去腺苷酸化是mRNA降解和翻译沉默的首要限速步骤.3'核糖核酸外切酶——聚腺苷酸特异性核糖核酸酶(poly(A)-specific ribonuclease,PARN)能够高效降解真核生物mRNA的聚腺苷酸尾.PARN不仅在降解mRNA poly(A)尾中发挥关键的作用,还参与DNA损伤、非编码RNA的加工成熟以及肿瘤等疾病过程.PARN是一种多功能酶分子,本文就PARN发现、结构、催化机制和功能多样性进行综述.

Degradation of the poly（A） tail of mRNA is vitally important for mRNA quality control and post-transcriptional gene regulation. In eukaryotes, exonucleolytic degradation of the poly（A） tail is often the first step in the translational repression and the decay of mRNAs. Poly （A）-specific ribonuclease （PARN） can efficiently degrade the poly（A） tail of eukaryotic mRNAs. Moreover, PARN not only plays a key role in the deadenylation of mRNAs, but also involves in DNA damage, maturation of non-coding RNAs, occurrence of cancer and other diseases. PARN is a multi-functional ribonuclease. This review summarizes the discovery, structure, catalytic mechanisms and functional diversity of PARN.