以证据为本的社会工作实践模式的反思——对几个社会服务项目的研究

Reflection on the Practice Model of Social Work Based on Evidence

近三十年来,美国和英国等社会工作发达地区开始流行以证据为本的研究方法,其实质还是在实证主义研究指导下,通过已有的研究文献,找到相关证据,比较介入效果,选出最优介入方式,开展专业的助人活动。本文通过对以证据为本实践的文献回顾整理和其涵义理解,以作者参与过的几个社会服务项目为例,根据实务中亲身感受探讨其会出现的争议并进行专业反思。针对中国社会工作发展实际情况,对正确理解和运用以证据为本的实践提出合理化建议。

Nearly over the past three decades, evidence-based practice has been widely employed in social work in developed countries, such as Britain and United States.Under the direction of positivism, the essence of evidence-based practice is a professional activity of helping others, through researching established documents, finding out related evidence, comparing the effect of intervention, and selecting the best way of intervention. Based on the retrospective study of the evidence-based practice and the understanding of its meaning, the paper takes the several projects of social service in which the writer once participated as example, aiming to reflect on the controversial issues by means of personal practices.At the same time, in view of the existing situation of the social works in China, the paper comes up with several reasonable suggestions for properly understanding and employing the evidence-based practice.