汉语复合词的不对称现象

Asymmetry in Chinese Compound Formation

本文比较普通话、粤语、香港"潮语"复合词构词的不对称现象。偏正式占大多数,主谓式是极少数,不对称是形式的问题。至于联合式,数量上有显著的差异,似乎较容易被普通话所接受。附接型和中心语—补足语型是组成汉语复合词的两种基本结构,前者占了大多数,是汉语复合词构词的基本框架,而后者只占少数,较为特殊,限制也较大。我们希望通过复合词不对称现象窥探词法结构和语言差异等问题。

Asymmetry in compound formation in Mandarin,Cantonese,and Hong Kong trendy expressions is examined in this paper.Subordinative compounds are the majority while subject-predicate compounds are quite rare.There seems to be some variation of the distribution of coordinate compounds in the three dialects concerned.Adjunction and complementation are two basic strategies that derive morphological structures in Chinese.The former is unmarked while the latter is marked.It is hoped that the study of asymmetry in compound formation may help us gain a better understanding of the structure of morphology and language variation.