试题难度的主观预估方法

Subjective Prediction Methods of Item Difficulty Estimation

试题难度一般通过实际测试考生而获得,但这种预试方法的实施具有一定局限性。难度的主观预估方法无需依赖考生,主要由学科专家根据经验对试题难度进行预测,因此在中、高考等考试实践中受到广泛应用。在研究和实践中,研究者们不断完善主观预估法,并提出不同的估计方法。本文对传统的主观评判法与配对比较的难度估计法进行介绍,以期更系统地认识难度的主观预估方法,促进主观预估法在考试实践中的应用。

Item difficulty is usually cotnated by field test, which has some limits in practice. Subjective prediction of item difficulty doesn＇t need real examinees, these approaches obtain estimates mainly depending on the subject experts＇ experience, So subjective prediction approaches are widely applied in many test programs. And researches have proposed different subjective prediction methods based on research and test practice. This article attemps to review two of those methods systematically： direct prediction of item difficulty by experts, paired comparison method, then put forwards some advice on future directions and implementation of the methods in practice.