沟叶结缕草草坪杂草群落的时空动态

Spatial and temporal dynamics of the weed community in the Zoysia matrella lawn

杂草群落结构的异质性是群落动态的主要属性.基于物种频度和幂函数法则,对沟叶结缕草草坪杂草群落在时间维度上的物种结构和空间异质性的变化进行了研究.结果表明:从2007到2009年,沟叶结缕草草坪3年共发生杂草43种,隶属19科,其中,禾本科、菊科、莎草科和茜草科杂草在草坪杂草中占据优势,多年生杂草占杂草比例最大,并呈逐年上升趋势;杂草群落具有比随机分布更高的空间异质性;杂草优势种年内随季节变化明显,表现出"双子叶杂草-单子叶杂草-双子叶杂草"、"多年生杂草-一年生杂草-多年生杂草"交替出现的规律;杂草群落的空间异质性在夏季大于冬季,多样性和均匀性在夏秋季大于冬春季,在夏季表现出高异质性的杂草种类比其他季节多;杂草群落空间异质性、多样性年际间变化不显著,均匀性呈逐年降低趋势.

The heterogeneity of species composition is one of the main attributes in weed community dynamics. Based on species frequency and power law, this paper studied the variations of weed community species composition and spatial heterogeneity in a Zoysia matrella lawn in Guangzhou at different time. The results showed that there were 43 weed species belonging to 19 families in the Z. matrella lawn from 2007 to 2009, in which Gramineae, Compositae, Cyperaceae and Rubiaceae had a comparative advantage. Perennial weeds accounted for the largest proportion of weeds and increased gradually in the three years. Weed communities distributed in higher heterogeneity than in a random model. Dominant weeds varied with season and displayed regularity in the order of ‘dicotyledonmonocotyledondicotyledon weeds’ and ‘perennialannualperennial weeds’. The spatial heterogeneity of weed community in Z. matrella lawn was higher in summer than in winter. The diversity and evenness of weed community were higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The number of weed species with high heterogeneity in summer was higher than in the other seasons. The spatial heterogeneity and diversity of weed community had no significant change in the three years, while the evenness of weed community had the tendency to decline gradually.