克吕尼运动的性质及其与格列高利改革的关系

Moral Reform or Political Revolution——On the Nature of the Cluny Movement and Its Relationship with the Gregorian Reform

本文旨在考察克吕尼运动的性质及其与格列高利改革的关系。作为中世纪欧洲集权尝试的开端,克吕尼运动和格列高利改革分别指向集权的两个基本面,即道德方面和政治方面。克吕尼运动在本质上是一场道德革新运动,其成功关键在于将集权作为道德革新的基本手段。格列高利改革将克吕尼的经验拓展至政治领域,一反遁世离俗的本尼迪克式理想,要求按照基督教原则改造现实世界,从而奠定了12、13世纪政教斗争的基本逻辑。一方面,克吕尼运动为格列高利改革提供了思想条件和技术手段;另一方面,克吕尼运动始终将自己约束在道德革新领域。究其原因,它的理想本质上是本尼迪克式的。

This paper examines the nature of the Cluny movement and its relationship with the Gregorian reform. As the beginning of political centralization in the middle ages, the Cluny movement and the Gregorian reform respectively point to two main aspects of centralization, morality and politics. The Cluny movement is actually a moral renovation, whose key to success is the centralization of power and thoughts. The Gregorian reform transfers the experience of Cluny to the field of politics. Opposing to the traditional ideal of Benedict, the Gregorian reform struggles to realize the Christian principles on the earth, which provides the basic logic for the controversy in the later two hundred years. Based on the above analysis, we come to the conclusion ： on the one hand, the Cluny movement provides the ideological conditions and technological means for the Gregorian reform; on the other hand, the Cluny movement always restrains itself in the field of moral innovation. In fact, the Cluny movement is of the Benedict style in essence.