魏晋“虱”语义场及其历时演变

The Semantic Field of “Shi( 虱) ”in the Dynasty of Wei- Jin and Its Evolution

"虱"是语言中最核心的词之一,本文考查了魏晋时期"虱"语义场的构成、使用及演变情况。魏晋"虱"语义场成员基本源自先秦,包括虱、虮、蚤、蛭、螕,其中"虱"是该语义场的代表词。此后,"蚤"日益发展,开始进入"虱"语义场的核心,在经历了唐宋时期的壮大之后,到明清时期"蚤"逐渐排挤了"虱"而在语言中更受青睐。

＂Sbi（虱）＂ is one of the most kernel words in the language. This paper investigates the members in the semantic field of ＇＂ shi （虱） ＂ in the Dynasty of Wei - Jin, describes briefly the outlines of its use and evolution. Its members mainly came from the pre - Qin period, including ＂shi（虱） ＂, ＂ji（虮） ＂, ＂zao（蚤） ＂, ＂zhi（蛭） ＂, ＂bi（媲） ＂, among which ＂shi（虱） ＂ was in the most important position. Since Wei -Jin Dynasty, ＂zao（蚤） ＂ had started to enter the core of the semantic field of ＂Shi （ 虱 ） ＂. It developed quickly in Tang and Song dynasties, began to replace ＂shi （ 虱） ＂ during Ming and Qing dynasties, and finally became more popular in the language.