中国产业布局调整的福利经济学分析

An Analysis of the Restructuring of Industry Distribution in China from the Perspective of Welfare Economics

当前中国产业空间布局存在着东部产业过度集聚、中西部工业结构趋于瓦解的困境。基于差异化劳动力区际流动视角,构建二次子效用拟线性偏好效用函数,从个体福利和区域福利两个维度对造成中国产业空间布局不平衡的原因进行模型推演和数值模拟,研究发现:在长期状态下产业空间布局对差异化劳动力的组合比例具有一定的阈值限制,中国产业空间布局的困境源自市场最优的集聚与社会最优的集聚发生了偏离,源自东部地区在全球价值链与国内价值链之间二传手功能的缺失。破解中国产业布局的困境,迫切需要由单一的转移支付转向兼顾产业平衡的福利补偿手段。

At present,the spatial distribution of industry in China faces a predicament:industries in the east are too highly concentrated,while industrial structures in the central and western regions are close to collapse.From the perspective of differentiated interregional labor mobility,we have constructed a quadratic effect quasi-linear preference utility function and carried out model mapping and numerical simulation with a view to identifying the causes of this spatial imbalance along the two dimensions of individual and regional welfare.We find that over the long term,the spatial distribution of industry provides a certain threshold limit to the combination ratio of differentiated labor.The problem of the spatial distribution of Chinese industry derives from the fact that optimal market concentration deviates from optimal social concentration,because the eastern region does not function as an intermediary between the global and the domestic value chain.To resolve this predicament,we should act urgently to change our welfare compensation method from single transfer payments to welfare payments that also take industrial balance into consideration.