临床无意义残留结石在肾结石患者微创经皮肾镜碎石术后的中期随访分析

Medium-term follow-up of clinically insignificant residual fragments after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy

目的 探讨临床无意义残留结石（CIRF）患者在微创经皮肾镜碎石术（MPCNL）后的中期随访变化情况.方法 回顾性分析72例获得中期随访CIRF患者的临床资料.结果 72例CIRF患者,CIRF位于肾上盏10例,肾中盏15例,肾下盏35例,肾盂输尿管连接处10例,肾上盏合并肾下盏2例.结石成分：单纯草酸钙结石41例,草酸钙结石＋碳酸磷灰石16例,草酸钙结石＋尿酸结石3例,草酸钙结石＋六水磷酸镁铵结石＋碳酸磷灰石4例,六水磷酸镁铵结石3例,尿酸结石2例,六水磷酸镁铵结石＋碳酸磷灰石3例.随访期间15例出现临床症状,其中血尿合并肾绞痛2例,单纯血尿8例,下尿路症状5例.15例出现临床症状患者中,CIRF位于肾上盏4例,肾中盏1例,肾下盏4例,肾盂输尿管连接处6例,肾盂输尿管连接处残石相对于肾上盏、肾中盏、肾下盏残石更易发生临床症状（6/10比4/12,11/5,4/37,P＜ 0.05）.8例行手术治疗,其中1例肾中盏、2例肾上盏、2例肾盂输尿管连接处CIRF行体外冲击波碎石术,3例输尿管CIRF行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术,术后残石均完全清除.另7例予解痉、镇痛排石处理后残石自行排出.结论 中期随访结果表明MPCNL后CIRF可发生于肾脏和输尿管各个部位,其中肾下盏最多见,且多为草酸钙结石.术前有开放取石手术史和体外冲击波碎石术史的患者更易形成CIRF.肾盂输尿管连接处CIRF更易出现血尿、肾绞痛等临床症状.对于CIRF患者应密切随访,如发生临床症状应及时就诊,并对其进行相应的治疗.

Objective To discuss the medium-term follow-up of clinically insignificant residual fragments （CIRF） after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy （MPCNL）.Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with CIRF medium-term follow-up were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seventy-two patients with CIRF.The anatomical distribution of CIRF was 10 at upper pole,15 at middle,35 at lower,10 at renal ureteropelvie junction and 2 at upper and lower pole.Stone analysis showed that 41 cases of calcium oxalate calculi,16 of calcium oxalate calculi mixed with carbonate calculi,3 calcium oxalate calculi mixed with uric acid,4 calcium oxalate calculi mixed with struvite stone,3 struvite stone,2 uric acid stone and 3 carbonate apatite mixed with struvite stone.Fifteen cases had clinical symptoms,including 2 renal colic pain,8 hematuria,5 lower urinary tract symptoms,4 cases CIRF located in upper pole,1 case in middle pole,4 cases in lower pole,6 cases in ureteropelvic junction,the incidence of clinical symptoms in ureteropelvic junction was significantly higher than that in other locations （6/10 vs.4/12,1/15,4/37,P ＜0.05）.Eight cases required surgical procedure,5 cases underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,3 cases with ureteral CIRF were performed with ureteroscopic lithotripsy.CIRF were clear after surgery,7 patients with ureteral CIRF had renal colic pains.The stones were excluded after spasmolytic analgesic treatments.Conclusions CIRF can be located variously in the kidney and ureter.Most CIRF are calcium oxalate calculi and locate in the lower pole.Patients with the history of previous open surgery or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are more likely to get CIRF.Medium-term follow-up of CIRF reveals that CIRF located in the renal ureteropelvis junction are more likely to have clinical symptoms.