电梯安全责任分担的多方博弈研究

A Game Study on the Responsibility Sharing of Elevator Safety

为明确电梯事故安全责任主体,促使电梯监管跳出"权利有限,责任无限"怪圈。基于博弈思想,根据电梯生产商、使用者和政府主管部门的信誉、经济利益,分析其间的行为策略并据此构建电梯安全责任分担模型,探寻事故安全责任各方的行为策略与事故的因果关系,构建事故责任分担模型;在此基础上,分析政府主管部门、电梯生产商和使用者之间相互约束、相互促进的博弈关系,进一步分析政府主管部门、电梯生产商和使用者间行为策略对电梯安全的影响。结果表明在嵌入责任分担模型以后有利于明确三方之间的安全责任,促使各方注重电梯安全的自我责任,有助于预防电梯事故的发生。

This paper aims at identifying the subject of liability for the elevator accidents, and helping the regulators to get out of the circle of ＂limited rights but unlimited responsibility＂. Based on the game theory, it is to analyse the behaviour strategy and to construct a responsibility sharing of elevator safety model in terms of the trust and fairness degree of elevator manufacturers, consumers and administrative authorities. It is to elicit the relationship between the behaviour strategy of the stakeholders and the accident. Then the game relation of administrative authorities, elevator manufacturers and consumers is to be presented and the behaviour of each party＇s effects are to be analysed. As a result, the establishment of responsibility sharing of elevator safety model is conducive to the unequivocal responsibility of each party. It helps each side to give prominence to the self-responsibility for the elevator safety and it is beneficial for the prevention of the elevator accidents.