CIMMYT小麦种质在山东麦区产量和品质性状评价及利用

Evaluation on Yield and Quality Characteristics of CIMMYT Wheat Germplasms in Shandong Region and Its Utilization in Wheat Breeding

本试验对226份CIMMYT小麦种质的产量构成因素、籽粒品质、面筋特性、面团揉混特性和淀粉糊化特性等进行了研究分析。结果表明：226份CIMMYT小麦种质的每穗小穗数平均值为16．4个，与当地主推品种济麦22相当；穗粒数平均为41．9个，比济麦22多2．3个，最高达60．2个；千粒重平均为38．7 g。籽粒硬度较高，＞90的有22份，最高为97。82．8％的材料其籽粒蛋白含量在12．5％～14．5％之间。大部分材料的沉淀值在37～46 ml之间，最大值为64．5 ml；沉淀值＞40 ml的材料占66．9％，其中7份材料的沉淀值在60 ml以上。湿面筋含量变异幅度较大，在25．7％～57．2％之间；干面筋值的变异幅度较小，大部分材料集中在10～13 g，最大值为18．4 g；面筋指数高，＞94％的材料占66．2％；筛选出湿面筋含量＞35％、干面筋值＞13．0 g、面筋指数在94％以上的材料10份。揉混仪参数峰值宽度变异幅度较大，在180～440 B．U．之间，有51份材料的峰值宽度＞300 B．U．；8 cm峰宽分布集中在70～180 B．U．，最宽达320 B．U．；衰落角分布集中在6＆#176;～16＆#176;；筛选出峰值宽度300 B．U．以上、8 cm峰宽190 B．U．以上且衰落角＜10＆#176;的材料7份。淀粉RVA糊化特性的峰值粘度分布集中在2800～3400 cP之间，最高值达3887 cP；稀懈值集中在900～1200 cP；回升值集中在1200～1500 cP；筛选出峰值粘度高于3000 cP、稀懈值高于1300 cP且回升值＜1300 cP的材料42份。筛选出的这些材料可作为山东省小麦育种和品质改良的优异亲本，并且部分材料已被用于小麦育种中。

Total 226 CIMMYT wheat germplasms were used to analyze the yield components ,grain quali-ty,gluten characteristics , dough traits and starch RVA characteristics .The results showed that their average spikelet number per spike was 16.4 matched that of Jimai 22;the average kernels per spike was 41.9, which was 2.3 more than that of Jimai 22, and the maximum was up to 60.2;the average 1 000-grain weight was 38 .7 g.The grain hardness was higher;22 germplasms showed the grain hardness over 90;the maximum was＆amp;nbsp;97 .The grain protein content of 82 .8%germplasms was among 12 .5%~14 .5%.The sedimentation volume of most germplasms was 37~46 ml,and the maximum was up to 64.5 ml;66.9%germplasms showed higher sedimentation volume more than 40 ml, in which, those of 7 ones were higher than 60 ml.The wet gluten con-tent showed large variation in the range of 25.7%~57.2%;the dry gluten value showed little variation ,and most focused on 10~13 g with the maximum as 18 .4 g.The gluten index was higher , and more than 66 .2%germplasms showed the gluten index above 94%.Ten germplasms were selected with the wet gluten content o-ver 35%,dry gluten value over 13 .0 g and gluten index over ＆gt;94%.For the dough characteristics , the peak width showed large variation ranged from 180 to 440 B.U.;there were 51 germplasms with the peak width o-ver 300 B.U..The width at 8 cm was focused on 70~180 B.U.with the maximum as 320 B.U..The weak-ness degree focused on 6~16 ＆#176;.Seven germplasms were screened out with the peak width over 300 B.U.,the width at 8 cm over 190 B.U.and the weakness degree lower than 10＆#176;.For the starch RVA characteristics, peak viscosity focused on 2 800~3 400 cP with the maximum as 3 887 cP;breakdown and set back focused on 900~1 200 cP and 1 200~1 500 cP, respectively;42 germplasms were selected out with the peak viscosi-ty more than 300 cP, the breakdown more than 1 300 cP and the set back lower than 1 300 cP.All the select-ed germplasms could be used as excellent parents for breed and quality improvement in Shandong wheat re -gion, and some of them have been used in the wheat breeding .