利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析油热处理对木材耐腐性能的影响

The Influence of Oil Heat Treatment on Wood Decay Resistance by Fourier Infrared Spectrum Analysis

木材防腐处理可改善人工林木材易腐朽、虫蛀等缺陷,其中热处理方法不仅环保无污染,还可提高木材耐腐性、尺寸稳定性等。研究以植物油为导热介质对杨木和樟子松进行油浴热处理,对热处理木材进行室内耐腐性能研究,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱分析处理前后木材化学组分的变化,分析热处理对木材耐腐性能的影响及主要作用机制。结果表明:经过油热处理杨木的质量损失率由未处理材的19.37%下降至5%,樟子松的质量损失率由未处理材的8.23%下降至3.15%,油热处理可以有效提高木材的耐腐性能。木材腐朽菌之所以能够在木材中生长繁殖从而败坏木材,是因为木材能够提供木材腐朽菌比较好的生存条件,如营养物质、水分、氧气等,而木材中的纤维素、半纤维素等是木材腐朽菌的主要营养来源。由红外光谱分析可知,热处理后木材中羟基等亲水性基团大量减少,吸水性减弱,减少了木腐菌生长所必需的水分;热处理后木材的纤维素、半纤维素等化学组分发生了降解,减少了木腐菌生长需要的营养物质。油热处理可以减少纤维素、半纤维素等木腐菌的营养物质,从而达到了提高木材耐腐性能的目的。

Wood preservative treatment can improve defects of plantation wood such as easy to corrupt and moth eaten .Among them heat-treatment is not only environmental and no pollution ,also can improve the corrosion resistance and dimension stability of wood .In this test Poplar and Mongolian Seoteh Pine was treated by soybean oil as heat-conducting medium ,and the heat treatment wood was studied for indoor decay resistance ;wood chemical components before and after treatment ,the effect of heat treatment on wood decay resistance performance and main mechanism of action were analysed by Fourier infrared spectrometric . Results showed that the mass loss rate of poplar fell from 19.37% to 5% and Mongolian Seoteh Pine’s fell from 8.23% to 3.15% ,so oil heat treatment can effectively improve the decay resistance .Infrared spectrum analysis shows that the heat treat-ment made wood’s hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups in largely reduced ,absorbing capacity decreased and the moisture of wood rotting fungi necessary was reduced ;during the heat treatment wood chemical components such as cellulose ,hemicellu-lose were degraded ,and the nutrient source of wood rotting fungi growth necessary was reduced .Wood decay fungi can grow in the wood to discredit wood is because of that wood can provide better living conditions for wood decay fungi ,such as nutrients , water ,oxygen ,and so on .The cellulose and hemicellulose in wood is the main nutrition source of wood decay fungi .So the oil heat-treatment can reduce the cellulose ,hemicellulose nutrition source of wood decay fungi so as to improve the decay resistance of wood .