同治年间杭嘉地区禁火葬探析

On the Prohibition of Cremation in Hangjia during Tongzhi of Qing and the Contradiction of Ethics and Livelihood

因历朝历代的思想、文化、宗教等政策迥异,火葬在我国呈现兴衰起伏之势。满族入主中原后,受中原文化影响,逐渐放弃了传统的火葬形式,并制定了严厉的政策以禁止火葬。同治年间,杭嘉地区火葬一度蔚然成风,这引起了士人的声讨和统治阶级的禁严。然而,声讨和禁严并未取得立竿见影的效果,其根源在于:杭嘉地区人们火葬是为了植桑养蚕以图生计,生计与伦理之间,民众选择了生计。

Cremation had ups and downs due to different thoughts, cultures, and religion policies of different dynasties. Influenced by the central plain＇s culture, Manchu abandoned the traditional cremation gradually and formulated a harsh policy to prohibit cremation. During the reign of Tongzhi, cremation once became a common practice in Hangjia and it caused the claims and prohibitions. However, the cremation policy in Hangjia did not obtain immediate effect. Its cause is that people adopted cremation to plant mulberry for living. Between ethics and livelihood, people chose the latter one.