20世纪50年代苏联对我国中小学教科书内容的影响——基于教科书文本的分析

The USSR' s Influence on Chinese Elementary and Secondary Textbooks' Content in the 1950s——Based on the Analysis of Textbook Text

20世纪50年代,教科书的自编成为了教育领域重建的关键,但受自身条件限制尤其是"以俄为师"思想的影响,教科书编写开始了向苏联全面学习与整体仿效。这种学习与仿效主要有三种形式:一是翻译、编译苏联教科书,几乎是整本全套直接照搬;二是部分借用、适当改编苏联教科书,教科书基本框架和主体内容来自苏联,对少部分内容进行中国化处理与本土化删减;三是整体改造、理念引领,具体内容已无太多苏联痕迹,但教科书的编写理念、内容的选择标准以及内容的组织方式等基本效仿苏联。这一时期,我国中小学教科书内容深深地打上了苏联的烙印。

In the 1950s, the self-compilation for textbooks became the key to the reconstruction of education field, but because of its own limitations, especially the ideological guideline of learning from Russia, the textbook compilation began to comprehensively imitate from the Soviet Union. The first form is translation and compilation, almost completely copying the Soviet textbooks; The second one is partly using and appropriate adaptation from Soviet textbooks, and the basic framework and main content of the textbook mainly comes from the Soviet uunion; The third is overall based on the Soviet Union＇s writing idea. The textbooks＇ specific content has no too many Soviet traces, but the writing phylosophy, the content selection criteria, and the organization of content basically followed the USSR. In that period, Chinese textbooks＇ content is deeply influenced by the Soviet Union＇s textbook features.