参与式村域发展综合诊断的技术方法与实证应用

Participatory appraisal of village development system:Methodology and application

2004年以来中国农业和农村发展政策逐渐转型,给农村发展带来新的机遇,也为相关发展决策与规划提出了新的现实需求。村域是中国农村社会经济活动的基本单元,承载着农村家庭联产、乡村企业生产、农民日常生活、农村社区发展等生产、生活行为。本文以"背景分析—机理剖析—水平评价—病症诊断—病因分析—路径谋划"为主线,构建基于模糊层次分析等方法的参与式村域发展综合诊断技术方法体系,并以黄淮海传统农区一个典型村域为例开展实证应用。结果表明,研究构建的技术方法体系有助于实现村域发展水平评价、问题诊断、成因分析和路径谋划,可为村域发展战略决策及规划编制提供科学支撑。

China＇s agricultural and rural development policy has entered a new period of transformation since 2004, and this may provide new chances for rural development in less developed traditional agricultural areas. This paper establishes a comprehensive methodology for the detection and diagnosis of village system along the route of background analysis, mechanism analysis, evaluation of development level, comprehensive diagnosis, etiology analysis and path design＇, and empirical application study has been carried out in a typical village in Huanghuaihai Plain. The results showed： （1） the socio-economic development of the case study village was at a low level, and the degree of realization of building new countryside was only 66.53%; （2） the main problem is the long-term stagnation of village industrial development caused by a series of influencing factors from both inward and outward at village level, i.e., population growth, low level of education, weakened extension of agricultural science and technology, lack of farmers＇ organizations, chaos of agricultural means of production market, strong credit constraints, limited financial resources of local governments, and central government＇s underpricing of agricultural products; （3） to speed up the development of this village, villagers should develop rural labor economy to increase their income and accumulate venture capital, and optimize rural land use and generate modem, efficient and comparative agriculaxre. In addition, more attention should be paid to the formation and strength of village social capital; and （4） it is also urgent to promote institutional and policy innovation concerning agricultural and rural development in traditional and less-developed agricultural areas. Overall, empirical case studies confirm that the newly established comprehensive methodology for detection and diagnosis of village system can realize the evaluation of development level, comprehensive diagnosis, etiology analysis and development path design of village, and thus can provide scientific supports for strategic decision-making and planning of village development.