希罗多德波斯史及其对古希腊知识精英波斯观的塑造——《历史》卷三与《贝希斯敦铭文》比较研究

Herodotus' History of Persia and How It Shaped the Intellectual Elite's View of Persia in Ancient Greece——A Comparative Study of Book 3 of The History and the Behistun Inscription

希罗多德《历史》卷三中记载大流士登基的内容与波斯帝国重要官方文献《贝希斯敦铭文》存在着密切联系。希罗多德的相关记载在人名、谱系与基本情节方面同《贝希斯敦铭文》具有高度相似性,其史料很可能间接来自后者。然而,希罗多德的叙述也受到了《贝希斯敦铭文》所反映的大流士统治时期波斯帝国官方意识形态的误导和波斯君主为巩固自身统治地位所设计的政治宣传的欺骗;而他脱离《贝希斯敦铭文》叙述线索而插入的附加情节则对古典时期希腊知识精英的波斯观产生了重要影响。

-193There is a close relationship between the account of Darius' ascending the throne given in Book 3of Herodotus' Historyand the Behistun Inscription,an important official document of the Persian Empire.Herodotus' record of the relevant names,genealogy,and basic narrative are highly similar to those of the Behistun Inscription,and his historical sources may well have derived indirectly from the latter.However,in writing his narrative Herodotus was misled by the official ideology of the Persian Empire under Darius as reflected in the Behistun Inscription and deceived by the political propaganda devised by the Persian ruler in order to consolidate his own rule.However,the additional material interpolated by Herodotus when he freed himself from the leads found in the Behistun Inscription had an important impact on the way ancient Greek intellectual elites saw Persia.