贵阳市城区幼儿园儿童注意缺陷多动障碍流行病学调查

ADHD among preschool students in Guiyang kindergartens

目的了解贵阳市幼儿园儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）检出情况,为ADHD的早期发现、早期诊断及早期治疗提供参考依据。方法随机整群抽取贵阳市城区21个幼儿园的4 489名3~6岁儿童作为调查对象。采用美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册第4版ADHD诊断标准量表进行筛查。初筛为阳性的儿童,再由2名小儿神经专业的主治医师到幼儿园进行现场排查以确诊。结果贵阳市城区幼儿园儿童ADHD检出率为1.38%,男、女童检出率差异无统计学意义。4岁年龄组检出率最高,为2.05%。汉族儿童检出率为1.33%,少数民族检出率为1.55%。但各组别之间差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0.05）。结论贵阳市城区幼儿园3~6岁儿童ADHD的患病情况不容乐观,应予以高度关注。

Objective To understand prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder（ ADHD） among 3-6 year-old children in Guiyang kindergartens and to provide references for early detection,diagnosis and treatment for ADHD. Methods Through random cluster sampling method,children aged 3-6 year-old from 21 kindergartens in Guiyang were chosen. ADHD was screened through diagnostic and statistical Manual for Mental Disorders（ 4th edition,DSM-Ⅳ） and diagnosed by two pediatric neurologists. Results The detection rate of ADHD was 1.38%.Rate of ADHD differed significantly throughout different ages,with highest in children aged 4 year-old（ 2.05%）. About 1.33% children with Han nationality and 1.55% with ethic minority were affected by ADHD. Conclusion Regarding the high prevalence of ADHD in 3- 6 year-old children in Guiyang,more attention should be paid to ADHD among preschool students.