北京市某初中在校生脊柱周围肌力分析

Analysis of spine peripheral muscular strength in junior middle school students

目的了解青少年脊柱周围肌力及其对称性,为指导青少年合理进行肌肉力量练习提供参考。方法采用Back-check 600等长肌力测试仪,对北京市某中学188名12~15岁健康初中学生进行脊柱周围肌肉力量评估,并分析成对肌力的对称性。结果除左侧肩外展肌力和右侧髋外展肌力外,其余部位肌力男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）;各部位成对肌力差异程度分析显示,男生成对肌力平均差异度在13.0%~75.4%之间,女生平均差异度在14.7%~71.2%之间,躯干屈伸肌力和颈部屈伸肌力差异较大;多数对称部位肌力差异率在20%以下,但差异率在20%以上的仍有相当高的比例,尤以男生肩外展肌力、伸髋肌力和女生髋内收肌力左右差异幅度大的比例较高。结论青少年脊柱周围肌力对称性差的比例较高。建议加强青少年身体姿势教育,选择有利于动员机体全面锻炼的体育项目。

Objective The study aims to explore the symmetry of adolescents＇ spine peripheral muscular strength and symmetry of muscles in pairs. Methods A total of 188 boys and girls aged 12-15 years old were recruited in a middle school of Beijing. Their shoulder extensor strength,neck flexion（ stretch） and lateral flexor strength,trunk flexion（ stretch） and lateral flexor strength,hip extension（ adduction） and stretch strength were measured by isometric ergometry. Results The most parts of muscular strength in boys were significantly higher than girls except for left shoulder abductor muscle strength and the right hip abductor muscle strength（ P0.05 or P0.01）. Various parts of paired muscular strength difference analysis showed that the average difference in boys was from 13.0% to 75.4%,and that of the girls was from 14.7% to 71.2%. Trunk flexor and extensor muscle strength, and neck flexor and extensor strength differences were especially higher. Although the most of symmetric part of strength difference rate was below 20%,the proportion of difference rate above 20% was quite high,especially in the boys＇ shoulder abductor muscle strength,hip extension muscle strength,and girls＇ hip adduction strength. Conclusion The proportion of asymmetric spinal peripheral muscular strength in adolescents in pairs is relatively high. The health education for good posture should be strengthened for adolescents,and comprehensive exercise should be recommended for adolescents to get balanced development for each part of paired muscular strength.