收入增长与分配结构扭曲的农村减贫效应研究

Research on Rural Poverty Reduction Effect of Income Growth and Distribution Structure Distortion

减少农村贫困人口是"三农"问题中的主要内容。本文阐述了经济增长、收入分配与减贫之间关系的理论框架,然后定义一族新的洛伦兹曲线,构造我国农村家庭收入的分布密度函数,并对"贫困一增长一不平等"减贫效应分解方法进行修正。进而使用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)中的农村家庭数据,对1991—2009年东部、中西部省份收入增长与分配结构扭曲的农村减贫效应进行实证分析。研究结果表明,收入增长使得贫困入口比例下降,但分配不公平降低了减贫速度,并导致低收入群体的收入份额不断萎缩。对比分析发现,中西部省份比东部沿海省份、2000年之后比之前的分配不公平程度更为严重。另外,基于Blinder-Oaxaca工资差异方程的分解结果表明,促进农户增收的个体层面影响因素依次为非农经济活动、受教育水平、地理位置和耕地面积,而现阶段贫困家庭非农经济活动参与率偏低和受教育水平增长缓慢是其收入增长的最大障碍。

Reducing rural poverty population is an important part of ＂Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer＂ issues. Firstly, this paper builds a theoretical analysis framework on economic growth, income distribution and proverty ruduction, and then develops a new Lorenz curve model to construct a distribution density function on rural household income of our country, and makes further improvement and modification of Poverty-Growth-Inequality arithmetic. Furthermore, we use rural household data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS） to make an empirical analysis on the rural poverty reduction effect of income growth and distribution structure distortion in east and Mid-west provinces during 1991--2009. The empirical results show that income growth has declined poverty population, however, distribution inequality has cut down poverty ruduction and also caused income share shrinking of low income groups constantly. By comparing, distribution inequality degree is much more obvious in Mid-west provinces than that of east coastal provinces, and 2000 later than before. Besides, Blinder-Oaxaca type equation decomposition results show that non-agricultural economic activity, education level, location and cultivated land area are respectively important influential factors of farmers＇ income in individual level. However, at present major obstacles to restrain income growth of rural poverty family are the low non-agricultural economic activity participation rate and poor education level.