5-6岁幼儿同伴关系的社会网络分析

Social Network Analysis of Peer Relations for 5-6-year-old Children

本研究采用访谈法,运用社会网络分析技术,对28名5—6岁幼儿的同伴关系进行了中心性分析、图形化分析、小群体分析和核心—边缘结构分析。结果表明幼儿在个体中心度上存在较大的个别差异;幼儿选择朋友时不能准确地确定谁是自己的朋友,并且出现了同性别偏好等特点;幼儿同伴群体可以划分为互相紧密相连的小群体;幼儿同伴交往中出现了核心—边缘结构,但没有达到非常完善的程度。教师可以深入分析幼儿受欢迎或不受欢迎的原因,鼓励幼儿与同伴进行积极的社会交往。教师也可以设计一些游戏活动帮助幼儿在游戏中提升社会交往能力。教师可以通过讲故事的方式帮助幼儿初步了解朋友的涵义,提升他们的社会认知能力。教学活动中,教师应为幼儿提供与异性幼儿交往的机会,以拓展他们的人际交往范围。此外,教师还需要帮助幼儿学习如何处理好群体内部成员之间的关系以及内群体和外群体之间的关系,同时避免孤立群体对幼儿社会性发展可能产生的不良影响。

28 children with 5 and 6 years old took part in the interview. Social network analysis was used to get visualized information and quantity information about centrality, subgroup and core/periphery structure. The results showed there was great individual difference in centrality. Children did not know the friendship clearly and liked to make friends with the same gender. Children could be divided into many cliques that connected with each other. There was a core/periphery structure which was not very ideal. In the end several suggestions were made on the basis of these findings.