中国法院压力之消解——一种法律组织学解读

How to Dispel the Stress of China's Counts:An Interpretation from Legal Histology

法律洞的不可避免和正式职业保险制度的缺失,导致中国法院在消解外部不确定性风险和压力时,形成了组织结构柔性化和组织功能普化的"十字形"调审组织。而嵌入其间的法官也相应地选取了调解型横向分权式决策的"民主化"、审判型纵向分权式决策的"行政化"和调审型纵横向分权式决策的"去司法化"等三种压力消解方式。这些消解外部不确定性风险和压力的方式,是以牺牲司法确定性而获得的,导致了中国法院在制度性司法确定性方面的丧失。因此,要想在中国法院实现制度性司法确定性,必须针对司法的高风险特征,建立三位一体的正式职业保险制度。

Because of the inevitability of legal structural hole and the absence of professional insurance system,China's courts formed a cross-shaped mediation and judgment organization with flexible organization structure and generalized organization function when they dispelled their external uncertainty risk and pressure.Accordingly,the judges embedded in this structure selected a way of non-judicialization to eliminate the pressure described as ' democratized' horizontal mediation,' administrational' lengthways judgment and crossshaped mediation and judgment mixed power dispersing type.Such way of eliminating external uncertainty risk and pressure was obtained by sacrificing judicial certainty and it caused Chinese courts' non-judicialization and the loss of their institutional judicial certainty.Therefore,in order to realize the judicialization and institutional judicial certainty of China's courts,we should establish a triune professional insurance system aimed at the high-risk characteristic of judicature.