原物返还请求权:物上请求权抑或侵权责任方式

Claim for Return of Original Object:Claim on Property Rights or Form of Tort Liability

在现行法上,既在物上请求权规则处规定了返还原物请求权,也在侵权责任法中将其规定为侵权责任。在这种双轨机制下,司法实践往往将返还原物请求权作为侵权责任予以适用,但从制度内容与功能上看,物上请求权以其抽象的构成要件,全面地保护绝对、自由的所有权或物权,反之,作为侵权责任的原物返还请求权,并不能完全救济所有权与占有分离的情况,在法律效果上,也有失平衡。所以,应当取消侵权法上原物返还请求权的规则,仅保留物权法上的物上请求权。

Rules of claim for return of original object(rei vindication) have been set in current civil law system both in claims on property rights and in tort liability rules.In such dual-track system,returning of original object is always treated as one of the forms of tort liability in court practice.However,from the perspective of institutional content and function,claims for property rights system provides a complete protection for ownership and other absolute and free property rights.Treated as form of tort liability,on the contrary,it can not provide complete legal relief in a situation that ownership and possession are separated from each other.In this way can we draw a conclusion that rules of claim for return of original object in tort law should be abolished and reserving claims on property rights in civil law system will work well to solve the velevant issues.