河南省玉米茎基部镰刀菌的形态和分子鉴定

Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium isolated from basal stalks of maize in Henan Province

为明确河南省玉米茎基部镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)的种群组成及分布,2011和2012年,我们采集了河南省14个地市42个县(区)的玉米茎基腐病病样,分离得到163个镰刀菌单孢菌株。首先对菌株进行了形态学鉴定,在此基础上使用镰刀菌种特异性引物进行了PCR检测;对于部分PCR检测未能确认的菌株进行了Translation elongation factor 1-α(TEF-1α)基因片段测序及BLAST分析,最终将163个菌株鉴定到种。结果表明在163个菌株中,禾谷镰刀菌F.graminearum为优势种,占44.2%(72株),其次为层出镰刀菌F.proliferatum和轮枝镰刀菌F.verticillioides,分别占28.8%(47株)和27.0%(44株)。豫西北的焦作(47.6%)、洛阳(50.0%)及豫中的许昌(45.5%)均以F.verticillioides为主,豫东的商丘(42.9%)、开封(57.1%)以F.proliferatum为主,豫北的安阳(66.7%)、濮阳(71.4%)、新乡(62.5%)和豫南的南阳(57.1%)、驻马店(45.0%)以及中部的郑州(57.1%)、漯河(66.7%)则均以F.graminearum为优势种。

Fusarium species are important fungal pathogens of maize （Zea mays L. ） and other cereals world- wide. A total of 163 Fusarium isolates were recovered from maize basal stalks collected from 14 districts （42 counties） in Henan Province in 2011 and 2012 in order to analyze the population distribution of Fusarium spp. on maize stalk. Fusarium isolates were identified based on morphological characters and species-specific PCR assays. DNA sequence-based identification of some unsure isolates was achieved using the translation elonga- tion factor 1-α（TEF-1α） gene region. The results showed that Fusarium graminearum was the most prevalent species representing 44.2% （72 of 163） of the isolates, followed by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium ver- ticillioides, representing 28.8% （47 of 163） and 27.0% （44 of 163）, respectively. Our results also indicated that F. verticillioides was predominant in Jiaozuo （47.6%） and Luoyang （50.0%） in northwest Henan, as well as Xuchang （45.5%） in central Henan, F. proliferatum dominated Shangqiu （42.9%） and Kaifeng （57.1%） in east Henan, and F. graminearum was dominant in Anyang （ 66.7%）, Puyang （71.4%） and Xinxiang （62.5%） in north Henan, Nanyang （57.1%） and Zhumadian （45.0%） in south Henan, and Zhengzhou （57. 1%） and Luohe （66.7%） in central Henan.