基于生态系统健康的辽宁省海洋生态承载力评价

Assessment of Marine Ecological Carrying Capacity in Liaoning Province Based on the Ecosystem Health

针对自然生态系统和传统承载力研究中评价标准相对单一的问题,提出基于生态系统健康的海洋生态承载力概念,探讨其内涵和基本特征,建立计量模型,提出生态承载力评价指标体系和标准的确定方法。以辽宁省为研究区域,构建了适合该区域的基于系统健康的生态承载力评价指标体系、权重和评价标准,对2000—2010年的海洋生态承载力水平进行深入分析。结果表明,辽宁省海洋生态承载力指数呈波浪式上升,其健康等级从不健康升到亚健康。其中资源承载力长期处于亚健康;生态弹性力从不健康到亚健康,2010年达到健康;人类活动潜力则一直处于不健康状态,最近两年有所好转。今后应加强海洋生态承载力各指标的优化,提高生态承载力水平和健康等级,实现海洋经济的可持续发展。

With the growing popularity of marine issues, some scholars are concerned about the marine carrying capacity closely. An assessment of marine ecological carrying capacity can provide an overall impacts resulting from the marine ecological construction. Therefore research on the theories and methods of the marine carrying capacity are significant for the regional sustainable development. This paper introduces the model of ecosystem health to establish the general measuring indicators for Liaoning marine ecological carrying capacity and conducts a decade-long research on Liaoning marine system. The concept of the marine ecological carrying capacity based on ecosystem health is investigated to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional studies that are not convenient to use in practice due to their relatively simple assessment standards and conclusions. A corresponding conceptual model and computation model of the marine ecological carrying capacity are further proposed to analyze impacts of the marine ecological construction. In addition, the established methods of index system and the assessing standards for the marine ecological carrying capacity assessment are proposed. For example, the marine ecological carrying capacity of Liaoning Province is studied. An index system, weights and corresponding appraisal standards for the marine ecological carrying capacity are established for analyzing the marine ecological carrying capacity deeply between 2000 and 2010 in this area. The results demonstrate that marine ecological carrying capacity index rises up, its index rose from 0.0724 in 2000 to 0.2184 in 2010, and the state of ecosystem increased from un-health level to sub-health level. The resource and environment carrying capacity remains sub-health level for a long time. Its index rose from 0.0432 in 2000 to 0.1670 in 2010. The ecological resilience index rose from 0.0510 in 2010 to 0.1249 in 2010, and the state of ecosystem increased from un-health level to sub-health level and reached the health level in 2010. The potential human activities remain un-health level and this situation takes a turn for the better in almost two years. Its index is continuous declining between 2002 and 2006, their state of health level before 2009 had been in the unhealthy state, only in 2009 and 2010 it was in the sub-health state. For the sustainable marine economy, many more efforts should be made in terms of marine industrial structure adjustment, pollution control and marine technology. In future, we must strengthen the marine ecological carrying capacity index optimization to improve the level of ecological carrying capacity and health level and realize the sustainable development of marine economy. This research put forward method for measuring the ecosystem health related marine ecological carrying capacity in view of the fact that some data are not available, the selection of indicators is not so comprehensive, but this paper helps broaden the field of vision and makes human activities greatly reflected in marine ecological carrying capacity.