灾难与历史——走向否定的历史哲学

Disaster and History

尼采在《历史的用途和滥用》中指出，历史若成为一个收支平衡表，就会使人精神麻痹和意志瘫痪。“由于过量的历史，生活会残损退化，而且历史也会紧随其后同样退化”。

During the past 200 years,the social improvement and development are associated with the Enlightenment and belief of progress,unfortunately,this process is intertwined with brutal violence,merciless world war and holocaust too.How to understand our human history? Bertolt Brecht advocates: ' Don't start from the good old things,but the bad new ones'.Walter Benjamin insists that;the conception of dialectic history must think history reversely,not only to look at its achievement and glory,but also its evils and brutality.T.W.Adorno argues we have fallen in fetishism of progress,the only persons who are loyal to progress are to stop the current of blind progress.If the narrative of history is not to provide spiritual consolation,but a device of resisting evils and brutality,we need to take advantage of these thought resources to construct a negative philosophy of history.The historical conception does not mean to replace positive metaphysics of history with a negative one,what it does is provide both an antidote and some corrections to it.The implication of negative philosophy of history is to liberate us from the fetishism of progress,overcoming cynical mentality to risk and disaster that we commonly face.