酶法预处理压榨月见草油工艺优化

Optimization of Enzymatic Pretreatment Process for Pressing of Evening Primrose Oil

以月见草籽为原料,采用酶法预处理后再压榨的方法制取月见草油,先用复合酶(复合多糖酶、植物水解酶、纤维素酶比为4∶1∶1)对月见草籽进行前处理,通过单因素和正交试验确定最佳酶解条件为酶解温度50℃、酶解pH 5.0、酶用量2%、酶解时间5.5 h,在此条件下游离油得率24%,然后将含油物料烘干后调整水分至9%,以60℃为初始入榨温度进行压榨,最后得出在压榨温度90℃、压榨压力3.5 MPa时,出油率可达69%。制取得到的月见草油中的γ-亚麻酸以及亚油酸等不饱和酸被很好的保留,油脂品质良好。

In this work, evening primrose oil was pressed from enzymatically pretreated samples of evening primrose seeds. The enzymatic pretreatment was carried out using a mixture composed of a commercial complex enzyme preparation hydrolyzing carbohydrates, viscozyme and cellulase （all from Novozymes, 4：1：1）. By using one-factor-at-a-time and oithogonal array design methods, the optimal enzymatic pretreatment conditions were determined to be hydrolysis for 5.5 h at 50 ℃, initial pH 5.0 with a total enzyme dosage of 2%. Under these conditions, the yield of free oil was 24%. The pretreated material was dried until the moisture content reached 9%, and then pressed initially at 60 ℃, finally at 90 ℃ and 3.5 MPa, resulting in an oil yield of 69%. γ-Linolenic, linoleic and some other unsaturated fatty acids were retained at significant levels in the evening primrose oil, and the oil quality was good.