殷墟甲骨文中句式使用的组类差异考察——以“岁”字句为例

Distribution differences of constructions in two groups of oracle-bone inscriptions from Yin Ruins:A case study of the construction with sui(岁)

殷墟甲骨文有王卜辞和非王卜辞之分,二者又都可以再细分为若干不同的组类。不同组类的卜辞之间存在着一些差异,如字体、书体和用字习惯等。在整理甲骨文中的"岁"字句时,我们发现,在句式的使用方面,不同组类的卜辞之间也同样存在着差异,而且这种差异较为明显,如"岁"字双宾语句及其相关句式主要出现于非王卜辞中,王卜辞中却很少出现;"岁"字句中,神名用作受事主语的现象在非王卜辞中未见,却只见于王卜辞中等。

Oracle-bone inscriptions from Yin Ruins can be classified into two major groups,the King's inscriptions and the non-King's inscriptions,and both groups can be further divided into a number of sub-groups in terms of calligraphic style,chirography and word use.This paper finds that coustructions also have distribution difference in the two groups.This is illustrated by constructions with the verb sui(岁,kill animals and sacrifice):while most of the double-object constructions with sui(岁) and some related ones are found in non-King's inscription,those with god names of the sacrifice goals used as subject only in King's inscriptions.