城市中心区犯罪热点制图与防卫空间设计

Crime Hotspot Mapping and Defensible Space Designing in Urban Center Area

在城市更新过程中,评估与防控城市犯罪风险是全球性政府治理难题,其中城市中心区无疑构成安全治理的核心地带。随着犯罪地理学与环境犯罪学的理论轨迹汇合、地理信息系统(简称GIS技术)的犯罪制图日臻成熟、从情境预防到空间治理的应对转型,防卫空间研究取得新发展,为城市中心区犯罪治理提供了新思路。通过对两个研究区内近2 000起盗窃犯罪进行犯罪热点制图,可以有效探测路段和网格层面的犯罪热点;精准测算犯罪聚集程度;科学统计犯罪在不同社区、道路及用地属性上的聚集分布状况。基于GIS制图、针对犯罪热点、融合多元策略、坚守道德立场的防卫空间设计,构成了在更高起点更高层次推进"平安中国建设"的新选择。

The assessment and prevention of urban crime risk has become a global governance challenges in the process of urban renew al. The center urban area undoubtedly is the heart of security governance. With the theory fusion betw een the crime geography and the environmental criminology,the defensible space research has made new developments. The research can provide a new idea for governing crime based on the matured GIS crime mapping and nearly tw o thousand cases of theft crime in tw o specific study areas w ere taken as crime hotspots mapping,crime hotspots about the sections and grids w ere effectively detected,the degree of aggregation of crime obtained accurate calculations,the aggregate distribution of crime w as figured out in different communities,different roads and different lands. This idea has been tested and has become a new choice to promote the'Green Chinese building'in a higher level.