重思《巴黎手稿》中的异化概念

Concept of Alienation in Paris Manuscript by Marx Revisited

随着《巴黎手稿》的文献学研究对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和包括《詹姆斯·穆勒〈政治经济学原理〉一书摘要》在内的《经济学笔记》内在联系性的确定,马克思的异化理论再次成为学者们讨论的一个热点问题。其最新进展是用后者中的交往异化理论补充、完善前者异化劳动理论中的第四个规定,但在如何理解这第四个规定、特别是四个规定之间的关系等问题上还有继续讨论的必要。实际上,四个规定之间绝没有所谓的"根本性转变"和"飞跃",有的只是理论逻辑的进一步深化和"成长"。问题的关键在于对人的本质特别是其社会性的恰当理解。"社会"范畴强调人的本质的"现实性",但并没有改变而只是深化了马克思对人的理解。因此,异化劳动理论的四个规定是一个整体,不能做人为的分割,而且其逻辑顺序也不能随意打乱。

Following the confirmation of internal relations between Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844and Economic Notes including Glossen zu James Mill,the theory of alienation in Marx has become a hot topic again. The new est theoretical development is using the theory of alienation of commerce in latter as a supplement of the theory of al-ienated labor in former. This is an inspiring insight,but there are some further questions left for us,such as,w hat is the meaning of the fourth aspect of the alienated labor,and,the question of the relations of four aspects of alienated labor and so on. The crux of matter is to understand Marx's concept of man correctly. The categories such as society,commerce and social relations emphasize the reality of man's nature,but they doesn't change Marx's understanding of man w hich core is the concept of labor. Therefore Marx's theory of alienated labor is an indivisible and w ell-organized totality including four aspects w hose relations are grow ing,but not changing.