汉语拼音化运动的历史进程与现实困境

The Historical Course and Realistic Predicament of Chinese Alphabetization Movement

拼音化运动是以创制拼音文字满足普及教育的需要为出发点,以取代汉字记录汉语为最终目标的拼音文字运动。20世纪80年代以前的拼音化运动长期与政治运动、思想论争相关联,对汉字的性质、汉字的发展演变、汉字与汉语的适切关系缺乏冷静、充分的学理思考。汉字是语素文字,汉字便于区分同音语素,与汉语词汇字族化、词义表面化的特点比较契合。《汉语拼音方案》不能很好地区分同音语素,无法承担取代汉字记录汉语的重任。

Alphabetization movement is an alphabetic writing movement,which makes the creation of alphabetic w riting to meet the needs of universal education as the starting point and the replacement of Chinese characters to record the Chinese language as the ultimate goal. Prior to the 1980s,the alphabetization movement w as associated w ith political campaigns and ideological struggles for a long time. There w as lack of calm and comprehensive academic thinking about the nature and evolution of Chinese characters as w ell as the appropriate relation betw een Chinese characters and the Chinese language. Being morphemic characters,Chinese characters are easy to distinguish homophonic morphemes,and accord w ith the character-familization and apparent meanings of the Chinese lexicon. Therefore,the'Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet'can neither distinguish homophonic morphemes from one another nor replace Chinese characters to record the Chinese language.