睡眠剥夺对工作绩效的影响

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Human Performance.

目的探讨睡眠剥夺情况下人的工作绩效的变化规律。方法 8名健康青年作为被试 ,采用单因素区组化的实验设计方法。在实验日 6:0 0至次日 8:0 0的 2 6h的持续觉醒过程中 ,每隔特定时间间隔重复一组相同的测试项目。测试项目 :( 1 )听觉Oddball单任务反应时 (RT1 )和正确率 (CR1 ) ;( 2 )听觉Oddball+手控跟踪双任务的跟踪误差 (ER)及反应时 (RT2 )和正确率 (CR2 ) ;( 3)主观任务难度评价 (SR) ;( 4 )斯坦福困倦度量表 (SSS)。结果RT1 、RT2 、ER 3项指标的 9个时间点间整体比较均具有显著差异 (分别为P =0 .0 0 0 1 ,P =0 .0 0 0 0 1 ,P =0 .0 0 0 4 ) ,3项指标在睡眠剥夺过程中均显著升高 ;睡眠剥夺对SR、SSS得分均具有显著影响 (P =0 .0 0 0 1 ,P =0 .0 0 0 0 ) ,在夜间这 2项指标得分升高 ;由于反应策略的调整 ,被试的反应正确率在睡眠剥夺过程中无显著变化。结论睡眠剥夺对认知反应任务反应时和跟踪任务的跟踪误差、主观任务难度评价及困倦程度均具有显著影响。

Objective To investigate the effects of sleep deprivation(SD) on human performance. Method 8 healthy male college students participated the test . During 26 h of continuous awakeness (from 6:00 to 8:00 the next day),the volunteers were demanded to perform a battery of tests at 9 different time (7:00、12:00、16:00、20:00、0:00、2:00、4:00、6:00 、8:00). The tests include:(1) single task: aural Oddball response,the response time(RT 1)and correct rate(CR 1) were recorded;(2) dual tasks:manual tracking and aural Oddball response, the response time(RT 2), tracking error(ER)and correct rate(CR 2) were recorded;(3)The Stanford sleepiness scale and subjective ratings of task difficulty access. Result SD had significant effects on CT 1,CT 2 and ER(P=0.0001,P=0.00001,P=0.0004 respectively);SD increased RT 1,RT 2,ER at night time. SD had significant effects on SR,SSS score(P=0.0001,P=0.0000 respectively);SD increased SR,SSS score at night time. Since the subjects changed their response strategy ,CR 1 and CR 2 were not influenced by SD at night time. Conclusion SD has significant effects on response time,tracking error ,subjective difficulty of cognitive tasks and subjective sleepiness.