海草床中的海草-草食动物相互作用

Seagrass-herbivore interactions in seagrass seabed: A review

海草及草食动物间的相互作用是影响海草生态系统结构及功能的重要因素。本文综述了海草床中植物-草食动物相互作用的研究进展,重点聚焦于以下几方面:(1)海草对草食动物的防御作用:抵抗策略和忍受策略;(2)草食动物对海草防御的适应,如补偿摄食;(3)海草与草食动物间积极的相互作用包括:草食动物可以调控海草群落的组成、调节年龄结构、控制附着生物和增强海草对水体富营养化的耐受力及海草床为草食动物提供良好的庇护条件。对海草床中海草-草食动物相互作用提出了研究展望,包括营养质量和化学防御对不同类型草食者草食模式的影响,草食者对植物化学、形态学、繁殖生物学和种类组成的影响以及植物和草食动物间直接和间接的相互作用。加强和完善海草床中海草-草食动物相互作用的研究,将有利于我们更加深入全面地认识了解海草床生态系统,使其更好地发挥生态服务功能。

The interactions between seagrasses and herbivores are important factors influencing the structure and function of seagrass ecosystem. This paper reviewed the research advance of plant-herbivore interactions in seagrass bed, focusing on the following several aspects ： 1 ） the de- fense of seagrass to herbivores： resistance and tolerance; 2 ） the adaptation of herbivores to seagrass＇ s defense, such as compensation feeding; and 3 ） the positive interactions between seagrass and herbivores including： herbivores could regulate and control seagrass community composition, structure and the epiphytes growing on seagrass leaves, and increase seagrass＇ s tol- erance to eutrophication; the seagrass bed could also provide shelters for herbivores. Some impor- tant aspects for further study on the seagrass-herbivore relationship were suggested： the effects of nutritional quality and chemical defenses on the consumption patterns of diverse types of herbi- vores; the effects of herbivores on plant chemistry, morphology, reproductive biology and species composition, and the effects of both direct and indirect interactions among plants and herbivores. Strengthening the research on the seagrass-herbivore interactions in seagrass bed will benefit us to further understand the seagrass ecosystem, which, therefore, could provide better ecosystem services.