北京清河水体及水生生物体内抗生素污染特征

Occurrence of Antibiotics in Aquatic Plants and Organisms from Qing River,Beijing

利用高效液相色谱和串联质谱联用的方法,分析了北京市清河水体和水生生物体内4类抗生素含量水平及污染特征.结果表明:清河水体中QNs(喹诺酮类)和MCs(大环内酯类)抗生素是主要污染物质,ρ(∑QNs)和ρ(∑MCs)的平均值分别为2 238.9和814.9 ng/L;在检测的5种大型水生植物体内,QNs和TCs(四环素类)抗生素是主要污染物质,w(∑QNs)和w(∑TCs)的平均值分别为945.3和389.2μg/kg;在鱼类和软体动物体内,QNs和SAs(磺胺类)抗生素是主要污染物质,w(∑QNs)和w(∑SAs)的平均值分别为3 213.9和653.5μg/kg.抗生素对清河水生态系统的环境风险评价结果表明,OFL(氧氟沙星)、CIP(环丙沙星)和NOR(诺氟沙星)对藻类和水生植物的HQs(危害系数)均大于1,说明在清河水体中这3种抗生素对藻类和水生植物存在环境风险.研究表明,清河水环境存在一定程度的抗生素污染,其中QNs抗生素的HQs较高,其环境风险不容忽视.

Pollutions of antibiotics in the rivers are rarely reported, although they are considered as important components of environmental pollution for aquatic organisms in the city sewage system in China. In order to understand the contaminated status of the Qing River in Beijing, we analyzed 4kinds of antibiotics in the water and aquatic organisms from this urban river. The concentrations and distributions of the 15antibiotics were tested and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results showed that quinolones and macrolides were the main components of pollutants in the water, with average concentrations of 2238.9and 814.9ng/L, respectively. As for the aquatic organisms, quinolones 945.3μg/kg and tetracyclines 389.2μgkg were the main contents in the five aquatic plants, whereas quinolones 3213.9μgkg and sulfonamides 653.5μg/kg were the main pollutants in fish and mollusks. In addition, the environmental risk assessment of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems showed that the hazard quotients（HQs） of of loxacin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin to the algae and aquatic plants were more than 1, this indicated that these three antibiotics pose an environmental risk to the health of algae and aquatic plants. In conclusion, a certain degree of antibiotic pollution existed in the Qing River, and the potential environmental risk should not be ignored, considering the relatively high HQs of quinolones.