试析1970年代以来的欧洲经济转型——产业结构的视角

European Economic Transformation since the 1970s:a perspective of industrial structure

产业结构转型是欧洲经济转型的核心内容之一。本文分三个阶段梳理与分析了1970年代以来欧洲在产业结构转型与升级方面最具关键意义的变化,以期为更好地理解欧洲经济转型提供一个重要视角。分析表明,作为欧洲经济结构核心内容的产业结构,始终处于自身积累的"内生动力"与竞争环境变化带来的"外力"共同作用的发展过程中,其整体趋势则由不同时点上内外力的方向与强度对比所共同决定。总体而言,自1970年代以来,欧洲即开启了向"绿色经济"与"低碳经济"转型的进程,如今已取得显著成绩;在1970年代即露端倪的新技术浪潮中,欧洲还未摆脱整体上落后于美国的状态,能否克服各种结构性"顽疾"对其未来的产业结构升级至关重要;注重经济社会环境可持续发展的欧洲经济社会模式逐步形成,对其产业结构调整产生了深刻影响,未来仍将在很大程度上决定后者的方向与内容。

Industrial restructuring has always been one of the key parts of the European economic transformation.This paper makes a review and analysis of the changes most crucial to the industrial restructuring and upgrading in Europe since the 1970 s.It shows that the transformation of the industrial structure has always been determined by a combination of its own accumulated "endogenous impetus" and the "external driving force" brought about by the changing competitive environment.Generally speaking,Europe has opened up,since the1970 s,to a process towards "green economy" and "low-carbon economy" with remarkable achievements.At the same time,a European social-economic model focusing on the economic,social and environmental sustainability has gradually taken form,which has exerted and will continue to exert profound impacts on the industrial restructuring.