美欧执行WTO裁决的比较分析——以国际法遵守为视角

A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of WTO Rulings by the US and EU:a perspective of compliance with international law

执行WTO裁决的本质是国际法遵守。国际法遵守为观察美欧执行WTO裁决行为提供了一个很好的视角。从影响国际法遵守的主要因素来看,美欧执行WTO裁决的实践表现出较大的类似性:二者均在WTO裁决执行机制框架下行事;享有霸权,声誉因素对它们影响较小;受国内制度影响较大;报复或报复威胁并非总能发挥作用。中国从WTO多边贸易体制获益较大,应当继续维持良好裁决执行记录。中国还应借鉴美欧,建立执行WTO裁决的国内机制与国内贸易报复机制。

The essence of implementation of WTO rulings is to comply with international law.Compliance with international law provides a good perspective to observe the implementation of WTO rulings by the US and EU,who implemented WTO rulings in quite similar ways.They both implement WTO rulings within the enforcement framework provided by WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding and at the same time,the reputational elements have only very limited impact on their implementation.The implementation by both of them has been significantly affected by their domestic regimes,and retaliation or threat thereof doesn't always play a part in inducing them to comply with relevant WTO rulings.Benefiting a lot from WTO multilateral trading system,China should continue to keep good record of compliance and establish its own implementation system as well as trade retaliation mechanism.