贵州草海湿地景观格局变化分析

Analysis of Landscape Pattern Evolution in Caohai Wetland,Guizhou Province

以草海国家级自然保护区为研究对象,基于1973年-2009年的4期数据,采用景观格局指数和马尔柯夫模型分析了草海湿地景观格局的演变.结果表明,旱地是研究区景观基质,优势度最大,形状最不规则,破碎化程度仅次于湿地,斑块聚集程度较好;湿地形状最简单,但破碎程度最低,斑块聚集程度最好;建设用地分布分散,形状较规则,破碎度最高,斑块聚集程度最差,但成片的建筑区面积在扩大;从景观层次来看,1992年自然度最大(20.70%),景观呈现出破碎化的趋势,形状趋于复杂,景观要素之间的聚集程度、连通性在下降.在保持当前干扰的前提下,未来十年建设用地、湿地及林地面积分别有所增加,灌草地和旱地的面积有所减少,景观自然度有所提高.

Based on the data of four periods （1973, 1992, Markov model were used to analyze the landscape pattern 2001 and 2009）, landscape pattern indices and evolution in Caohai National Natural Reserve of Guizhou. Dry land was shown to be the landscape matrix of the study area, with the biggest dominance value, the most irregular shape, a low degree of fragmentation next only to wetland and a fairly good patch aggregation. Wetland had the most simple shape, the lowest degree of fragmentation and the highest ag gregation indices. Construction land had comparatively regular shape, the highest degree of fragmentation and the lowest patch aggregation, while the vast stretches of construction area were expanding. From the landscape level, the largest naturalness occurred in 1992, and the landscape of the study area showed an overall fragmentation trend, its shapes became more complex, and the aggregation and connectance between landscape elements declined. It is predicted based on this research that with the current interference unchanged, the acreage of construction land, wetland and forest will increase and shrub-grass land and dry land will decrease in the study area, and so its landscape naturalness will improve.