国外代孕现状及其管理

Gestational Surrogacy Abroad and Its Management

代孕(surrogacy)是指委托夫妇在具备临床指征前提下,授权代理孕母完成与委托夫妇有或没有遗传联系的胚胎的妊娠及分娩过程。根据代理孕母与胚胎有或没有遗传联系,可将代孕分为完全代孕和部分代孕。我国卫生和计划生育委员会禁止任何形式的代孕。国外不同国家对代孕指征、代理孕母筛查标准各异。法律监管模式分为完全禁止型、政府管制型和私法自治型。代孕面临的问题主要集中在代孕儿抚养监护权的认定、代孕费用标准、代孕儿对代理孕母是否应尽赡养义务及伦理等方面。

Definition of surrogacy refers to an arrangement where a surrogate mother bears and delivers a child for another couple or person. Surrogacy can be divided into gestational surrogaey and traditional surrogacy. National Health and Family Planning Commission of China prohibits any type of surrogacy currently. In foreign country, indications of surrogacy and recruitment surrogacy mothers vary distinctively. Forensic regulation models include three types： complete prohibition type, government regulation type, and private-law autonomy type. The issues of surrogacy mainly focus on the custody, fare, spousal supports and ethics, etc.