2010-2012年广州地区人冠状病毒及其亚型分布

Epidemiology of human coronavirus infection in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2012

目的了解2010—2012年广州地区发热呼吸道感染病人的冠状病毒（HCoV）流行状况和特点，为进一步了解人冠状病毒的流行规律及防控奠定基础。方法收集广州市2010—2012年5家哨点医院共3376例符合要求的发热同时伴随有呼吸道感染症状病人的咽拭子标本及相关临床信息，采用Real—timePCR方法检测冠状病毒的核酸并对其进行主要型别鉴定，从人群分布、月份分布及各型别发病率等方面进行分析。结果3376例发热伴有呼吸道感染症状的病例中，55例为冠状病毒阳性标本，检出率为1．63％。亚型0C43、229E和NL63阳性的标本分别为23、13和19例，阳性率分别为0．68％、0．39％和0．56％，其中SARS、HUKl及EMC亚型未检出。冠状病毒流行高峰为1月（5．33％），不同月份之间发病率比较差异有统计学意义（xz=38．197，P〈0．01）；阳性率最高年龄组为60。93岁，检出率为2．6％。亚型OC43发病高峰为12—1月，与其他月份比较差异有统计学意义（xL30．054，P〈0．01），检出率最高的年龄组为60～93岁（1．3％）；229E月分布较为分散，各月份间差异无统计学意义（x：=15．651，P〉0．05），在各年龄组的分布呈不集中趋势；NL63流行高峰为6-9月，与其他月份比较差异有统计学意义（x2=5．801，P〈0．05），检出率最高的年龄组为7～17岁（1．03％）。结论广州市2010—2012年冠状病毒流行高峰为1月份。老年组检出率最高；亚型中OC43阳性率最高，NL63次之，229E亚型阳性率最低；0C43流行高峰为冬季，老年组检出率较高；229E流行高峰及感染人群较为分散；NL63流行高峰为夏季，儿童青少年组检出率最高。

Objective To investigate the prevalence condition and characteristics of human coronavirus virus （HCoV） in patient with fever and respiratory tract infections in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2012, and lay the foundation for a further understanding of HCoV. Methods A total of 3 376 throat swab specimens of patients with respiratory tract virus infection and relevant clinical information were collected from 2010 to 2012 in Ghuangzhou. Real-time PCR was used to detect the human coronavirus virus and its subtypes. Results Among all specimens, 55 patients were infected with HCoV, with a positive rate of 1.63%. We found out that 23, 13 and 19 patients were infected with HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, respectively, and none of them was SARS, HUK1 or EMC.The sample positive rate between months has significant difference （P〈0.01）, and HCoV has its peak circulation in January. The old people was most sensitive to HCoV infection, and corresponding sample positive rate was 2.6%. HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 has its peak circulation in December through January and July, and the sample positive rate between months has significant difference（P〈0.01 ）. People at the age group of 60N93 and 7~17 years was most susceptible to the two subtypes, and corresponding sample positive rate was 1.3% and 1.03%. We can not conclude the time and population distribution features of HCoV-229E in our study, no significant difference in sample positive rate between months and age groups was found. Conclusions Human HCoV has its peak circulation in January and the old people were the most susceptible to infection during 2010 to 2012 in Guangzhou. HCoV-OC43 was the most common coronavirus, followed by HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E. HCoV-OC43 mainly occurred in the winter months, while HCoV-NL63 has its peak circulation in summer. The old people were the most susceptible to HCoV-OC43 infection while the children had the highest infected rate with HCoV- NL63. The circulation characteristic of HCoV-229E was dispersed in time and population.