从民间“口述剧”看社会表演的传统与特性

Tradition and Features of Social Performance Viewed from Oral-Accounted Opera

中国戏剧当有三种存在方式,除了"场上剧"、"案头剧",第三种存在方式应该是民间流传的"口述剧"。"口述剧"的"本事"大多为历朝历代精彩的社会表演。传统的社会表演,至少有四个特性:一是扮演另一个自己的表演;二是随机、即兴、以智慧取胜的表演;三是功利性鲜明并吸纳了戏剧性的表演;四是绝境逢生、另僻蹊径、柳暗花明的表演。

It is supposed that traditional Chinese opera exist in 3 manners, that is, on - stage opera, on - desk opera, and oral -accounted opera. Most oral -accounted opera derives from excellent social performance in the past dynas- ties. Traditional social performance has at least 4 features： first, it is a performance in which one could act another self; second, it is a spontaneous and impromptu performance full of wisdom; third, it is prominently utilitarian and theatric performance; fourth, it is a performance guiding the audiences to hope and happiness after hopeless situation.