内质网应激在动脉粥样硬化发生、发展和防治中的作用

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pathogenesis,development,prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis

内质网（endoplasmic reticulum，ER）是真核细胞内蛋白合成、折叠修饰及转运的重要细胞器和钙离子储存库，并与脂质合成和氧化还原平衡的维持密切相关。ER对多种刺激非常敏感，例如氧化应激、钙稳态失衡、胆固醇超负荷和糖基化改变等理化环境变化均可导致ER的功能紊乱，出现以未折叠和／或错误折叠蛋白积聚以及钙稳态失衡为主要特征的内质网应激（ER stress，ERS）反应。

Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） is a muhifunctional organelle responsible for the synthesis and folding of proteins and regulation of calcium homeostasis. Multiple stimuli, such as oxidative stress, glycosylation change and so on, lead to ER dysfunction characterized by the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins and calcium homeostasis im- balance （ER stress）. Mode-rate ER stress is an important cytoprotective mechanism against stressors. However, severe and/ or prolonged ER stress can trigger apoptotic signaling including CHOP, caspase-12 and JNK pathways. Recent studies have shown that ER stress plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis and it can bring about inhibitory effects on the progression of atherosclerosis through the intervention of the relevant pathways, which may be a new therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.