积极心理干预对社区老年人心理健康与幸福感水平的影响

Effect of positive psychological intervention on the mental health and general well-being of elders

目的探讨团体积极心理干预对老年人心理健康和幸福感的促进作用。方法对某市社区符合条件的老年人(76人)进行心理健康评估,随机分为对照组(38人)和干预组(38人),干预组进行60 d共5次团体心理干预,对照组不干预。以症状自评量表(SCL-90)、总体幸福感量表(GWB)和社会支持量表(SSRS)对干预效果进行评价。结果干预组和对照组干预前各量表得分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。干预后,干预组SCL-90总分明显低于对照组(115.24±21.90 vs 135.37±25.22;t=3.89,P<0.01);GWB总分和各因子得分明显高于对照组(t=-5.03^-2.20,P<0.05);SSRS总分及各个维度(除对支持的利用度外)得分明显高于对照组(t=-4.26^-3.60,P<0.01)。干预组干预后SCL-90总分明显低于干预前水平(115.24±21.90 vs 139.50±24.50;t=4.79,P<0.01);GWB总分及各因子(除精力因子外)和SSRS总分及因子分(除对支持的利用度外)明显高于干预前(t=-4.98^-0.50,P<0.05;t=-3.78^-1.14,P<0.05)。对照组干预前后各量表得分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。主观支持与SCL-90总分呈负相关(r=-0.324,P<0.05),社会支持与幸福感无相关性。结论基于积极心理学理论的团体心理干预能显著提升社区老年人心理健康状况和幸福感水平。

Objective To explore the effect of positive psychological intervention on the mental health and general well- being of elderly people. Methods A total of 76 elderly people living in one community were randomly divided into the intervention group （ n = 38 ） and control group （ n = 38 ）. The intervention group received 5 times of group psychological intervention based on positive psychological theory for two months. The control group received no intervention. Mental health, general well-being and social support were tested before and after intervention using the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）, General Well-Being Schedule （GWB） and Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）. Results There were no significant differences in SCL-90, GWB and SSRS between the two groups before intervention （ P 〉 0.05 ）. After inter- vention, the intervention group had significantly lower total score of SCL-90 （ 115.24 ± 21.90 vs 135.37 ±25.22, t = 3. 89, P 〈0.01 ）, higher total score and factors of GWB （t = -5.03 to -2. 20, P 〈0.05） and total score and three dimensions of SSRS （ except for support utilization） （ t = - 4. 26 to - 3.60, P 〈 0.01 ） than the control group. The in- tervention group had significantly decreased total score of SCL-90 （ 115.24 ± 21.90 vs 139.50 ±24.50, t =4.79, P 〈 0.01 ）, increased total score and factors of GWB （ except for energy factor） （ t = - 4. 98 to - 0. 50, P 〈 0.05 ） and in- creased total score and three dimensions of SSRS （except for support utilization） （t = -3.78 to - 1.14, P 〈0.05）. Subjective social support was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 （ r = - 0. 324, P 〈 0.05 ）. SSRS hadno significant association with the GWB. Conclusion Positive psychological intervention could improve the psycholog- ical health and general well-being of elderly people.