洋山港海域表层海水中重金属及石油烃污染周年监测与评价

Annual monitoring and analysis of pollution characters of heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon in surface seawater from Yangshan Port

为阐明洋山港建设运营期间对其所在海域产生的环境影响,在对2012年洋山港海域水体中溶解性重金属及石油烃进行周年监测的基础上,对洋山港海域重金属污染现状及特征进行了分析和评价。结果表明,洋山港海域主要重金属污染物为Hg,其余污染物依次为Cu、Pb和Zn;通过聚类分析将全年污染时段分为上半年(2012年1至5月)和下半年(2012年6至12月)两个阶段,时间分布及灰色聚类评价显示较严重的污染情况主要集中出现在上半年,空间分布显示小洋山码头沿岸及大洋山岛东南一带出现污染物高值区。鉴于洋山港正处于运营与建设同时进行的特殊阶段,需及时监测控制港区的污染物含量,本文提出采用GM(1,1)改进模型中发展系数的概念,深入研究污染物的变化趋势及规律。结果表明,监测海域各重金属污染物中Hg、Cr和Cd较难消除,应重视加强其防治措施。

Based on the annual monitoring on the dissolved heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon in 2012, the present pollution situation and features were analyzed to clarify the environmental impact caused by the construction and operation of the Yangshan Port. The results indicated that the dominant heavy metal in Yangshan Port was Hg, followed by Cu, Pb and Zn. It can be classified into two stages throughout the year of 2012, that is, the first stage was from January to May and the second stage was from June to December. Contaminant levels were relatively high in the first stage which were mainly caused by construction and drainage based on the time distribution and cluster analysis of pollutants. The results of spatial distribution showed that areas of high concentration appear at the edge of Xiaoyangshan and the southeast region of Dayangshan Island. For the Yangshan Port was in the special stage that construction and operation is simultaneously underway, it was necessary to control the pollution of harbor.It is proposed to take the concept of development coefficient by using the modified GM（1,1） model in order to evaluate the variation tendency and pattern of contamination deeply. The results indicated that, of all heavy metals, Hg, Cr and Cd are difficult to be eliminated in the investigated waters. Measures need to be strengthened to prevent and control these pollutants.