论现代体育之“超越”品格--从身体整体论到身体个人主义

"Transcendence" Quality of Modern Sports: from Body Holism to Body Individualism

"超越"品格是现代体育的一个代表性符号。文章通过哲学人类学的知识批判和谱系分析的视角对其进行分析,解析出从古希腊体育运动中蕴涵着身体整体论到现代社会中蕴涵的身体个人主义这一社会观念的转变过程。在身体整体论社会观念主导下的古希腊体育运动追求"完美"的品格,追求人的身体、自然和群体的和谐;中世纪是身体整体论与身体个人主义的交替时代,区别于自然的"个人的身体"被逐渐打造出来,但是个体还是被绑缚在社会集体之上;最后在身体个人主义繁盛的现代社会中,"超越"品格在现代体育中得到了充分的诠释,具体展示为个体概念的充分形成、体育技术的发展和"优秀"概念的解读。以此为基础凸显哲学人类学的研究方法在分析体育中身体问题的价值所在。

The transcendence quality is a representative symbol in modem sports. By means of knowledge criticism and genealogical analysis of philosophical anthropology, this paper draws a picture on the transformation process of social idea from body holism in sport of ancient Greece to the body individualism in modem sport. Dominated by body holism, the sport in ancient Greece pursues the ＂ perfect＂ quality which holds the human body, nature and community as a whole. The medieval time is a period when the body holism transforms to the body individualism, different from natural body, despite the fact that the individual is still tied up in community. Finally, in the modem time when the body indi- vidualism is booming, the transcendence quality is interpreted fully in modern sport in terms of the forming of individual, the development of sport skills and the understanding of conception of ＂excellence＂. This paper highlights the value of philosophical anthropology in the body study in sport issues.