从建构主义视角探索体育对国家形象的塑造

Sports' Role in Shaping National Image from the Perspective of Constructivism

当今,体育已成为反映国家综合国力的一个橱窗,成为塑造国家形象的一个重要途径和国家形象的一部分。建构主义认为,国家形象是一种社会关系,其形成过程需要由对象客体、信息传播途径和认识主体三个部分组成。要以体育塑造国家形象,良好的体育实体是形象塑造的前提;而良好的体育事实则需要通过各种途径传递给公众,才可能被公众所感知;公众接收到相关信息后,其认知与情感系统就会对信息进行选择,并将选择过的信息编码嵌入大脑,从而形成一个国家的形象。因此,通过体育塑造国家形象,不仅需要构建符合大众价值观的体育实体,还需要通过各种媒体塑造一个能被大众认知和认可的媒介形象。

At present, sports, as an important part of the national image, has become a showcase of a nation＇s comprehensive power and an important channel to shape national image. The constructivism maintains that national image is a social relation whose formation consists of three parts, namely, target objects, channel of information communication and cognitive subjects. To shape the national image through sports, a good sports entity is the prerequisite, and a good sports fact in turn needs various channels to be passed to the public before it can be known. When the public receive the related information, their cognitive and emotional system will select the information and store the selected information in- to their brain, thus a national image is formed. Therefore, to shape the national image through sports calls not only for the construction the sports entity that is in accord with the value of the public but also various media to shape the media image that can be cognized and acknowledged by the public.