也谈“园林”及其现代化

On "Yuanlin" and Its Modernisation

学科与行业的"正名"问题,真实地记录了中国园林"现代化"的历程。在这其中,对"园林"这一传统概念的认识是问题的本源。通过对"园林"这一概念的再研讨,认为它从诸多指代造园活动及其成果的传统术语中脱颖而出,成为此类事物的统称(或通称),是由于它没有对特定具体形象的指定性,暗示了"‘自然’始终是园林的主角"这一基本事实。在近现代社会与文化发展的背景下,这种属性特征恰恰成为"园林"现代化的内在基础,并表现为园林"藩篱"的突破、"古今""中西"的博弈、"园林"与"风景园林"综合性的回归3个相互关联的发展历程。"园林"现代化是近现代以来中国文化现代发展的"百年大课题"之一,对此课题的探索,需要把握与理解"园林""园林绿化"等相关概念及其实践的本质与规律。

For Chinese landscape architecture discipline and profession, the ＂justification of title＂ at the tuna of the century is essentially part of its ＂modernisation＂ process, and what is crucial in the debate is the understanding of the traditional concept of ＂yuanlin＂. Through the re- examination of the concept of ＂yuanlin＂, it is believed that it is because of the absence of specification of material image that ＂yuanlin＂ has been favoured since the Ming Dynasty as the general term among many other names for traditional garden making and its consequence. This, at the same time, reflects the spirit of Chinese traditional culture. The term also indicates that nature always plays the central role in garden making, and reflects the integrated and dialectical thinking of the wholeness of the subjective and objective world. Against the development of modern society and culture, these attributes have exactly acted as the basis for the modernisation of＂yuanlin＂, which reveals itself through three interrelated aspects： the breaking of the garden boundary, the dialogue between tradition and modem and that between China and the West, and the return of the integrative nature of ＂yuanlin＂. The modernisation of ＂yuanlin＂ is one of the ＂centennial projects＂ of the modern development of Chinese culture since the mid-nineteenth century. The understanding of the essence of such concepts and practices as ＂yuanlin＂ and ＂liihua＂ is needed in the investigation process.